For decades, India and Russia have enjoyed positive bilateral relations, strong arms trade and expanding diplomatic cooperation across a wide breadth of issues. However, Russia’s war in Ukraine has exposed challenges in its defense production sector and alienated Moscow from the broader international community, posing challenges to its relationship with New Delhi. And as the United States and India seek to expand their relationship across the defense, diplomatic and political spheres, New Delhi’s commitments to Moscow have become more closely scrutinized since Russia’s full-scale invasion two years ago.