Nilanthi Samaranayake is a visiting expert for USIP’s South Asia programs.

In addition to USIP, she is also an adjunct fellow at the East-West Center’s Washington office. Samaranayake has 25 years of experience in the nonprofit research sector. Most recently, Samaranayake served as director of the strategy and policy analysis program at CNA, where she led a team conducting multidisciplinary research and analysis for civilian and military leaders. Before joining CNA, she analyzed public opinion at the Pew Research Center and completed a fellowship at the National Bureau of Asian Research.

Samaranayake’s work focuses on regional security in the Indian Ocean, smaller South Asian countries, non-traditional security issues, U.S. alliances and partnerships, and small states in international affairs. Her analysis has been published in outlets such as Small States & Territories, Asian Security, Foreign Policy, Defense One, Hindustan Times, and Newsweek, among others. She has appeared in media on CBS, Bloomberg, the New York Times, South China Morning Post, and Nikkei Asia.

Samaranayake has authored publications such as “Sri Lanka and South Asia,” “Quad Plus: A Role for Indian Ocean Island States?” and “India’s Naval and Maritime Power.” She is also co-author of “Raging Waters: China, India, Bangladesh and Brahmaputra River Politics.”

Samaranayake received a master’s degree in international relations from the London School of Economics and Political Science and a bachelor’s in international studies from American University.

Publications By Nilanthi

Maldives’ President Seeks to Preserve Sovereignty Amid Indian Ocean Competition

Maldives’ President Seeks to Preserve Sovereignty Amid Indian Ocean Competition

Monday, December 4, 2023

By: Nilanthi Samaranayake

On November 17, Maldives inaugurated its new president, Mohamed Muizzu. Muizzu’s election followed a narrow presidential race between him and incumbent president, Ibrahim Mohamed Solih. USIP Visiting Expert Nilanthi Samaranayake weighs in on what to expect in the early days of Muizzu’s presidency, how the new president may navigate ties with China and India, and the implications of his election for Indian Ocean security.

Type: Analysis and Commentary

Global Policy

Indian Ocean Basing and Access: How Smaller States Navigate Major Power Competition

Indian Ocean Basing and Access: How Smaller States Navigate Major Power Competition

Thursday, August 10, 2023

By: Nilanthi Samaranayake

In late July, Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe traveled to New Delhi to meet with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The trip addressed several important issues, such as greater connectivity. However, there was one item on the agenda that did not receive much media attention despite its potential impact on Indian Ocean regional security: Sri Lanka’s new standard operating procedure (SOP) to determine which military and non-military ships and aircraft may visit the country.

Type: Analysis and Commentary

Global Policy

A Year After Mass Protests, Sri Lanka’s Governance Crisis Continues

A Year After Mass Protests, Sri Lanka’s Governance Crisis Continues

Thursday, July 20, 2023

By: Nishan de Mel;  Nilanthi Samaranayake;  Ambika Satkunanathan

One year after the Sri Lanka’s massive unrest, known as the Aragalaya protests, the country is still dealing with the aftermath of its most devastating economic crisis since independence, a government without popular support and intensifying geopolitical competition in its neighborhood. The protests, spurred by the economic crisis, led to mass resignations across the government with former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa fleeing the country in July 2022. In the year since, the country has secured an IMF agreement, and its economy has ambled toward a slow path of recovery. However, there have still been concerns on the human rights front as the current government of Ranil Wickremesinghe has clamped down on further protests and continually postponed elections.

Type: Analysis and Commentary

Democracy & GovernanceEconomics

Why the U.S. Wants to Step Up Engagement in the Indian Ocean

Why the U.S. Wants to Step Up Engagement in the Indian Ocean

Wednesday, May 24, 2023

By: Nilanthi Samaranayake

Earlier this month, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Afreen Akhter led a U.S. delegation to the sixth Indian Ocean Conference. Since its inception in 2016, the Indian Ocean Conference has become a prominent gathering for regional stakeholders to discuss collective issues — from trade and economic cooperation to security considerations. This year’s proceedings in Dhaka, Bangladesh, featured representatives from 25 countries amid a backdrop of geopolitical concerns that have thrust the Indian Ocean into a prominent role in global affairs.

Type: Analysis and Commentary

Global Policy

China’s Engagement with Smaller South Asian Countries

China’s Engagement with Smaller South Asian Countries

Wednesday, April 10, 2019

By: Nilanthi Samaranayake

When the government of Sri Lanka struggled to repay loans used to build the Hambantota port, it agreed to lease the port back to China for 99 years. Some commentators have suggested that Sri Lanka, as well as other South Asian nations that have funded major infrastructure projects through China’s Belt and Road Initiative, are victims of “China’s debt-trap diplomacy.” This report finds that the reality is...

Type: Special Report

EnvironmentEconomics

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