The dynamics of influence, deterrence and defense in the Indo-Pacific have changed, with the potential consequences for peace and security in the region still to be determined. European allies’ recognition of the strategic challenges posed by China; U.S. efforts to invigorate alliances with Australia, Japan and South Korea; Russia’s war in Ukraine; and China’s reactions to the above will all play a major role in shaping the Indo-Pacific region’s future.

To increase understanding of these changes and their impacts, USIP convened a working group consisting of experts from NATO countries and from NATO’s formal partner countries in the Indo-Pacific: Australia, Japan, South Korea and New Zealand, which are informally known as the Indo-Pacific Four (or IP4). The working group is shedding light on the perspectives, interests and concerns of Indo-Pacific partners on security engagement with Europe, Europe’s role vis-à-vis security challenges from China, impacts of the war in Ukraine, and areas for cooperation between NATO and the IP4.

Pictured left to right: Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, Japanese Prime Minister Kishida Fumio, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, and South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol
Pictured left to right: Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, Japanese Prime Minister Kishida Fumio, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, and South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol

Working Group on NATO and Indo-Pacific Partners

Joe Burton

Joe Burton is associate professor of cyber security and international relations in the School of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham. Prior to this he held a permanent position at the University of St Andrews and was a Marie Curie (MSCA-IF) research fellow at Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) working on the two-year European Commission funded project CYBERCULT: Strategic Cultures of Cyber Warfare. He is the coordinator of the Jean Monnet Network, European Cyber Diplomacy (CYDIPLO) and was a Senior Lecturer in the New Zealand Institute for Security and Crime Science (NZISCS) at the University of Waikato. Joe has published widely on NATO’s changing role on the post-Cold War period and was an expert in the NATO Science for Peace and Security (SPS) project, Global Perceptions of NATO (2014-2017).

David Capie

David Capie is director of the Centre for Strategic Studies and professor of international relations at Victoria University of Wellington. His research interests focus on conflict and security issues, particularly in the Indo–Pacific region, and New Zealand's foreign and defense policy. David has held visiting positions at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University and at LUIS Guido Carli in Rome. He is a member of the Ministerial Advisory Panel for New Zealand’s Defense Policy Review.

Stephan Frühling

Stephan Frühling researches and teaches at the Strategic and Defense Studies Centre at the Australian National University. He was a Fulbright professional fellow in Australia-U.S. alliance studies at Georgetown University, research fellow in the research division of the NATO Defense College in Rome, and member of the Australian government’s external panel of experts on the 2016 Defence White Paper. His areas of expertise include Australian defense policy, defense planning, nuclear weapons and NATO.

Gorana Grgić

Gorana Grgić is a jointly appointed senior lecturer at the Department of Government and International Relations and the United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney. She is also the 2022-2023 research fellow in grand strategy at the Hertie School’s Centre for International Security in Berlin. In recent years, Grgić was a visiting fellow at the Harvard Center for European Studies (2018-2019) and a Partners Across the Globe research fellow at the NATO Defense College in Rome (2021). Grgić’s research interests include U.S. foreign policy, transatlantic relations, conflict resolution and democratization. Grgić’s research projects and teaching activities have been funded by the EU, NATO and the Australian Department of Defense.

Yoko Iwama

Yoko Iwama is the director of the strategic studies program, the director of the maritime safety and security policy program, the director of the security and international studies program, and a professor at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies in Tokyo, where she has been since 2000. Her current research interests include the origins and evolution of the nuclear-sharing and nuclear-consultation system in NATO and its relationship with the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty.

Kwang-Jin Kim

Kwang-Jin Kim is a retired brigadier general in the Korean Air Force and a chair professor at Sookmyung Women’s University in Seoul. He is concurrently a consultant board member at ROK Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS). During his time on active duty, General Kim served in various roles, including as president of Air University and deputy director of Countering WMD Center at JCS. General Kim is the author of several books, including "The Stages of the Development and the Termination of Wars between States." He holds a Ph.D. in political science from University of Missouri.

Geunwook Lee

Geunwook Lee is a professor of political science at Sogang University in Seoul. He is concurrently on advisory boards for the Korean Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Joint Chiefs of Staff. His areas of expertise include international relations and foreign and security policy, especially in the Indo-Pacific.

Jonathan Berkshire Miller

Jonathan Berkshire Miller is an international affairs professional with expertise on security, defense and geo-economic issues in the Indo-Pacific. He is currently a senior fellow with the Japan Institute of International Affairs, director and senior fellow of the Foreign Affairs, National Security and Defense program at the Macdonald Laurier Institute, senior fellow on East Asia for Asian Forum Japan, and the director and co-founder of the Council on International Policy. His areas of expertise include alliances policy and foreign and defense policy, especially in the Indo-Pacific.

Philip Shetler-Jones

Philip Shetler-Jones is a James Cook Indo-Pacific fellow at the Council on Geostrategy and is also employed with the European Union project for enhancing security cooperation in and with Asia. He previously worked at Chatham House as a consulting fellow on Indo-Pacific security and led the international security program at the World Economic Forum. He has also worked on planning and analysis for international organizations including the U.N., EU and OSCE. His areas of expertise include European and Asian security.

Luis Simón

Luis Simón is director of the Research Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS) at the Brussels School of Governance. He is concurrently the director of the Brussels Office of the Elcano Royal Institute and a senior associate (non-resident) at the Europe program of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). His areas of expertise include U.S. foreign and defense policy, transatlantic relations, European security, U.S.-China strategic competition and Asian security.

Michito Tsuruoka

Michito Tsuruoka is an associate professor at Keio University, Japan. He is concurrently a senior fellow at the Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS), Brussels School of Governance. Prior to joining Keio in 2017, he was a senior research fellow at the National Institute of Defense Studies (NIDS), Ministry of Defense. He also served as an advisor for NATO at the Embassy of Japan in Belgium. Tsuruoka received his Ph.D. from King's College London and his areas of expertise include international security, contemporary European politics, Europe-Japan/Asia relations, and Japan’s foreign, security and defense policy.

Working Group Final Report

Coming Soon. USIP will gather the findings from a series of working group discussions into a report aimed at helping U.S., NATO and Indo-Pacific policymakers maximize the benefits and understanding the limitations of cooperation as the United States and its allies and partners work to adjust to geostrategic changes.

Expert Papers on NATO and the Indo-Pacific

Coming Soon. USIP has commissioned six experts to draft papers looking at in-depth aspects of NATO cooperation with Indo-Pacific partners, including perspectives from Australia, Japan, New Zealand, South Korea and NATO allies.