Russia’s military interventions in Ukraine in 2014 and Syria in 2015, followed by Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 amid rising tensions with the West, heighten concerns of broader conflict across the continent. Research by the U.S. Institute of Peace analyzes such risks, while work in Ukraine strengthens the conflict-resolution skills of those displaced by war. On other fronts, NATO has made a USIP course on strategic advising mandatory for certain personnel, and the institute has provided policy guidance on topics ranging from election violence in Moldova to extremism, political turmoil or corruption from Northern Ireland to the Balkans and the Caucasus.