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Publications
Articles, publications, books, tools and multimedia features from the U.S. Institute of Peace provide the latest news, analysis, research findings, practitioner guides and reports, all related to the conflict zones and issues that are at the center of the Institute’s work to prevent and reduce violent conflict.
Territorial Disputes and Their Resolution: The Case of Ecuador and Peru
After nearly six decades of sporadic warfare over a relatively small stretch of disputed border, Ecuador and Peru signed an accord on October 26, 1998, that provides a definitive settlement of the remaining issues in their ongoing border conflict. The accord may not spell the end to future territorial disputes in the region, but it is historic in that it involves many actors working over many decades to achieve a settlement to a long-standing dispute.
NATO at Fifty: New Challenges, Future Uncertainties
Summary NATO's Fiftieth Anniversary Summit on April 23-25, 1999, will be the largest meeting of heads of state and government ever held in Washington, with 44 countries represented. Despite promises of an "open door" to NATO membership and the expectation that a second tranche would be announced, none of the current nine "aspirants" are slated to be invited, nor will a date for the second round be announced.
Truth Commission: Rwanda 99
Truth Commission: National Unity and Reconciliation Commission Duration: 1999 – today (permanent since 2002) Charter: Law No. 03/99 Commissioners: 12 Report: Various public reports
A New Approach to Peace in Sudan: Report on a USIP Consultation
Summary It is time to rethink a peace strategy to end the civil war in Sudan. Although the peace initiative launched by the Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD) in 1993 showed some initially promising results, the military situation is now stalemated, famine has plagued large sections of the South, and the IGAD mediation process has brought no recent results. The consultation concluded that: The IGAD process needs to remain the vehicle for mediation and negotiatio...
Thinking Out Loud: Policies Toward Iraq
In the face of persistent crises between Iraq and the international community over Iraq's failure to comply with international agreements governing its chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons development programs, the United States Institute of Peace convened a study group to understand better what options exist to deal with the threats that Iraq poses.
Peace Agreements: Chiapas (Mexico)
San Andrés Larráinzar Agreements Agreement (02-16-1996) Posted by USIP Library on: February 16, 1999 Source Name: Mexico, Ministry of the Interior Source URL: www.gobernacion.gob.mx/gEng/chiapas/ing_asa1.html Date downloaded: February 12, 1999 Joint declaration that the federal government and the EZLN shall submit to national debating and decision-making bodies (Document 1) (02-16-1996) Posted by USIP Library on: ...
Peace Agreements: Ecuador-Peru
Ecuador-Peru Border Agreement in Spanish (10-26-1998) Posted by USIP Library on: February 3, 1998 Source Name: The Embassy of Ecuador, Washington, D.C. Date E-mailed: January 29, 1999 Rio Protocol (1-29-1942) Posted by USIP Library on: December 18, 1998 Source Name: International Boundary Studies, no. 172 Ecuador-Peru. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, May 19, 1990. Date faxed: November 18,, 1998 from the World Ban...
Southern Mexico: Counterinsurgency and Electoral Politics
Summary... Current rebellions in southern Mexico represent clear challenges to the power of the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which has dominated Mexican politics since 1929 and spring from citizen outrage at the abuse of power by the PRI, particularly at the local level. The current government's strategy has combined conciliatory gestures with military counterinsurgency operations and dialogue in attempts to buy support through generous public works projects, with l...
Montenegro—And More—At Risk
Summary The threat of an attack on Montenegro by President Slobodan Milosevic's regime is increasingly likely and may take any form ranging from an indirect "constitutional" coup to a more direct attempt to enlist pro-Milosevic forces in Montenegro in acts of violence against the democratic regime. Although Montenegro remains a politically divided society, it is making great strides toward establishing inclusive political and social institutions.
The Genocide Convention at Fifty
Summary On September 2, 1998, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda issued its first conviction for genocide, condemning a Rwandan mayor, Jean-Paul Akayesu, for directing and inciting local mobs to the rape and murder of innocent Tutsi victims. The tribunal's companion, which deals with war crimes committed in the former Yugoslavia, is currently proceeding with its first indictment for genocide. In October 1998, a Spanish prosecutor sought the extradition of General Augusto Pinoch...