Nilanthi Samaranayake is a visiting expert for USIP’s South Asia programs.

In addition to USIP, she is also an adjunct fellow at the East-West Center’s Washington office. Samaranayake has 25 years of experience in the nonprofit research sector. Most recently, Samaranayake served as director of the strategy and policy analysis program at CNA, where she led a team conducting multidisciplinary research and analysis for civilian and military leaders. Before joining CNA, she analyzed public opinion at the Pew Research Center and completed a fellowship at the National Bureau of Asian Research.

Samaranayake’s work focuses on regional security in the Indian Ocean, smaller South Asian countries, non-traditional security issues, U.S. alliances and partnerships, and small states in international affairs. Her analysis has been published in outlets such as Small States & Territories, Asian Security, Foreign Policy, Defense One, Hindustan Times, and Newsweek, among others. She has appeared in media on CBS, Bloomberg, the New York Times, South China Morning Post, and Nikkei Asia.

Samaranayake has authored publications such as “Sri Lanka and South Asia,” “Quad Plus: A Role for Indian Ocean Island States?” and “India’s Naval and Maritime Power.” She is also co-author of “Raging Waters: China, India, Bangladesh and Brahmaputra River Politics.”

Samaranayake received a master’s degree in international relations from the London School of Economics and Political Science and a bachelor’s in international studies from American University.

Publications By Nilanthi

What’s Driving India-China Tensions?

What’s Driving India-China Tensions?

Monday, March 25, 2024

Since deadly clashes between India and China on their 2,100-mile disputed border — known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC) — nearly four years ago, the two countries have remained in a standoff and amassed an increasing number of troops on either side of the LAC. While India and China have held regular exchanges at the corps commander level since 2020, each side has also continued to militarize and invest in infrastructure in the high-altitude border regions, which may exacerbate risks of clashes or escalation. India-China competition has also deepened beyond the land border, particularly in the Indian Ocean region.

Type: Question and Answer

Global Policy

As Tensions with India Grow, Maldives Looks to China

As Tensions with India Grow, Maldives Looks to China

Thursday, January 18, 2024

On January 4th, social media posts from Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi praising the beauty of India’s beaches in Lakshadweep sparked a diplomatic row with the Indian Ocean island nation, Maldives. As a country that leans heavily on tourism at its own beaches, three Maldivian junior ministers were quick to criticize the Indian prime minister, which led to calls from Indian social media users to boycott Maldives as a tourist destination.

Type: AnalysisQuestion and Answer

Global Policy

Maldives’ President Seeks to Preserve Sovereignty Amid Indian Ocean Competition

Maldives’ President Seeks to Preserve Sovereignty Amid Indian Ocean Competition

Monday, December 4, 2023

On November 17, Maldives inaugurated its new president, Mohamed Muizzu. Muizzu’s election followed a narrow presidential race between him and incumbent president, Ibrahim Mohamed Solih. USIP Visiting Expert Nilanthi Samaranayake weighs in on what to expect in the early days of Muizzu’s presidency, how the new president may navigate ties with China and India, and the implications of his election for Indian Ocean security.

Type: Analysis

Global Policy

Indian Ocean Basing and Access: How Smaller States Navigate Major Power Competition

Indian Ocean Basing and Access: How Smaller States Navigate Major Power Competition

Thursday, August 10, 2023

In late July, Sri Lankan President Ranil Wickremesinghe traveled to New Delhi to meet with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The trip addressed several important issues, such as greater connectivity. However, there was one item on the agenda that did not receive much media attention despite its potential impact on Indian Ocean regional security: Sri Lanka’s new standard operating procedure (SOP) to determine which military and non-military ships and aircraft may visit the country.

Type: Analysis

Global Policy

A Year After Mass Protests, Sri Lanka’s Governance Crisis Continues

A Year After Mass Protests, Sri Lanka’s Governance Crisis Continues

Thursday, July 20, 2023

One year after the Sri Lanka’s massive unrest, known as the Aragalaya protests, the country is still dealing with the aftermath of its most devastating economic crisis since independence, a government without popular support and intensifying geopolitical competition in its neighborhood. The protests, spurred by the economic crisis, led to mass resignations across the government with former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa fleeing the country in July 2022. In the year since, the country has secured an IMF agreement, and its economy has ambled toward a slow path of recovery. However, there have still been concerns on the human rights front as the current government of Ranil Wickremesinghe has clamped down on further protests and continually postponed elections.

Type: Analysis

Democracy & GovernanceEconomics

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