Publications
Articles, publications, books, tools and multimedia features from the U.S. Institute of Peace provide the latest news, analysis, research findings, practitioner guides and reports, all related to the conflict zones and issues that are at the center of the Institute’s work to prevent and reduce violent conflict.
Peace Agreements: Kosovo
Military Technical Agreement (06-09-1999) Posted by USIP Library on: June 23, 1999 Source Name: United States European Command Source URL: www.eucom.mil/operations/ojg/mta/index.htm Date Downloaded: June 21, 1999 Interim Agreement for Peace and Self-Government in Kosovo (02-23-1999) Posted by USIP Library on: June 23, 1999 Source Name: U.S. Department of State (for text of agreement) Source URL: www.state.gov/www/regions/eur/ksvo_rambouillet_text.html (for text o...
U.S. Human Rights Policy: A 20-Year Assessment
Summary Over the past two decades, despite the increased emphasis on human rights issues in U.S. foreign policy formulation, there has been little effort to evaluate the efficacy of such policies and the tools employed to carry them out. In addition, the inherent complexities and inconsistencies in policy application have affected the perceived and actual efficacy of these policies.
Truth Commission: Nigeria
Truth Commission: Human Rights Violations Investigation Commission Duration: 1999 - 2002 Charter: Instrument No. 8 of 1999 Commissioners: 8 Report: Public report; released unofficially
The Challenge of Regional Cooperation in Central Asia: Preventing Ethnic Conflict in the Ferghana Valley
This report looks at social fragmentation currently taking place in Central Asia and its possible repercussions for the future of regional cooperation.
How Terrorism Ends
Summary The nature of the grievance matters. Ethnically based terrorist campaigns can be harder to end decisively than politically based ones, because they often enjoy broader support among a population they seek to represent. Political violence by itself can rarely achieve its aims, but it can sometimes do so in conjunction with less violent political action.
"Yugoslavia": Building Democratic Institutions
This report was written before the NATO air campaign began against the "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia" ("FRY") on March 24, 1999. Some of the contents of this report, however, remain important regardless of the outcome of the current conflict. The profound need for democratization throughout the "FRY" to ensure long-term stability in the region has been made clearer in these past few weeks. Summary The possibility of finding solutions to the "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia's" long...
Territorial Disputes and Their Resolution: The Case of Ecuador and Peru
After nearly six decades of sporadic warfare over a relatively small stretch of disputed border, Ecuador and Peru signed an accord on October 26, 1998, that provides a definitive settlement of the remaining issues in their ongoing border conflict. The accord may not spell the end to future territorial disputes in the region, but it is historic in that it involves many actors working over many decades to achieve a settlement to a long-standing dispute.
NATO at Fifty: New Challenges, Future Uncertainties
Summary NATO's Fiftieth Anniversary Summit on April 23-25, 1999, will be the largest meeting of heads of state and government ever held in Washington, with 44 countries represented. Despite promises of an "open door" to NATO membership and the expectation that a second tranche would be announced, none of the current nine "aspirants" are slated to be invited, nor will a date for the second round be announced.
Truth Commission: Rwanda 99
Truth Commission: National Unity and Reconciliation Commission Duration: 1999 – today (permanent since 2002) Charter: Law No. 03/99 Commissioners: 12 Report: Various public reports
A New Approach to Peace in Sudan: Report on a USIP Consultation
Summary It is time to rethink a peace strategy to end the civil war in Sudan. Although the peace initiative launched by the Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD) in 1993 showed some initially promising results, the military situation is now stalemated, famine has plagued large sections of the South, and the IGAD mediation process has brought no recent results. The consultation concluded that: The IGAD process needs to remain the vehicle for mediation and negotiatio...