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Territorial Disputes and Their Resolution The Case of Ecuador and Peru

Appendix —The Rio Protocol

     The Governments of Peru and Ecuador, desiring to settle the boundary dispute which, over a long period of time, has separated them, and taking into consideration the offer which was made to them by the Governments of the United States of America, of the Argentine Republic, of the United States of Brazil, and of Chile, of their friendly services to seek a prompt and honorable solution to the program, and moved by the American spirit which prevails in the Third Consultative Meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the American Republics, have resolved to conclude a protocol of peace, friendship, and boundaries in the presence of the representatives of those four friendly Governments. To this end, the following plenipotentiaries take part:

     For the Republic of Peru, Doctor Alfredo Solf y Muro, Minister of Foreign Affairs; and

     For the Republic of Ecuador, Doctor Julio Tobar Donoso, Minister of Foreign Affairs;

     Who, after having exhibited the respective full powers of the parties, and having found them in good and due form, agree to the signing of the following protocol:

     A)-In the west:

1. The mouth of the Capones in the ocean;

2. The Zarumilla River and the Balsamal or Lajas Quebrada;

3. The Puyango or Tumbes River to the Quebrada de Cazaderos;

4. Cazaderos;

5. The Quebrada de Pilares y del Alamor to the Chira River;

6. The Chira River, upstream;

7. The Macará, Calvas, and Espíndola Rivers, upstream, to the sources of the last mentioned in the Nudo de Sabanillas;

8. From the Nudo de Sabanillas to the Canchis River;

9. Along the whole course of the Canchis River, downstream;

10. The Chinchipe River, downstream, to the point at which it receives the San Francisco River.

     B)-In the east:

1. From the Quebrada de San Francisco, the watershed between the Zamora and Santiago Rivers, to the confluence of the Santiago River with the Yaupi;

2. A line to the outlet of the Bobonaza into the Pastaza. The confluence of the Conambo River with the Pintoyacu in the Tigre River;

3. Outlet of the Cononaco into the Curaray, downstream, to Bellavista;

4. A line to the outlet of the Yasuní into the Napo River. Along the Napo, downstream, to the mouth of the Aguarico;

5. Along the latter, upstream, to the confluence of the Lagartococha or Zancudo River with the Aguarico;

6. The Lagartococha or Zancudo River, upstream, to its sources and from there a straight line meeting the Güepí River and along this river to its outlet into the Putumayo, and along the Putumayo upstream to the boundary of Ecuador and Colombia

     The Governments of Peru and Ecuador shall submit this protocol to their respective Congresses and the corresponding approval is to be obtained within a period of not more than 30 days.

     In witness thereof, the plenipotentiaries mentioned above sign and seal the present protocol, in two copies, in Spanish, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, at one o’clock, the twenty-ninth day of January, of the year nineteen hundred and forty-two, under the auspices of His Excellency the President of Brazil and in the presence of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Argentine Republic, Brazil, and Chile and of the Under Secretary of State of the United States of America.

Signed) Sumner Welles
Signed) E. Ruiz Guiñazú
Signed) Juan B. Rossetti
Signed) Oswaldo Aranha

Contents | Key Points | Map | Foreword | One | Two | Three | Four | Appendix: The Rio Protocol | Notes | Author

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