The referendum in Sudan took place January 9-15, 2011 to decide whether the southern Sudan region would remain a part of Sudan or become an independent country. The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Khartoum central government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M).

People in Sudan waiting to vote on Southern Referendum

As a product of the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement between Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M), Sudan conducted a national referendum on January 9-11, 2011 to decide the status of southern Sudan. The referendum witnessed high turnout and an ultimate decision for southern Sudan to gain independence, with nearly 99% voting for this outcome.

USIP closely followed the referendum, both in advance of the event and in assessing its outcome. Despite some dire predictions, Sudan’s recent referendum was remarkably peaceful, with the notable exception of violence around the disputed Abyei area. Remaining obstacles included the resolution of the status of Abyei and negotiations over post-referendum arrangements, such as sharing of oil revenue and debt. The peaceful referendum process was a credit to the citizens and voters of Sudan and their leaders. On Febrauary 7, 2011, President Omar Bashir accepted southern Sudan's vote for independence.

On the Issues

USIP Sudan experts explain the the referendums, their outcomes, and prospects for peace.

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USIP Sudan experts discuss the referendums, the popular consultation process, what to look for after the polling is complete, and more. 

Events on the Referendum

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