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From Madness to Hope: The 12-Year War in El Salvador

I. Introduction

II. The Mandate

A. The mandate
B. Applicable law
C. Methodology

III. Chronology of Violence

IV. Cases & Patterns of Violence

A. General overview

B. Violence against opponents by agents of the State

1. Illustrative case: the murders of the Jesuit Priests (1989)

2. Extrajudicial Executions

(a) San Francisco Guajoyo (1980)
(b) The leaders of the Frente Democratico Revolucionario (1980)
(c) The American churchwomen (1980)
(d) El Junquillo (1981)
(e) The Dutch journalists (1982)
(f) Las Hojas (1983)
(g) San Sebastían (1988)
(h) Attack on an FMLN Hospital and execution of a nurse (1989)
(i) Garcia Arandigoyen (1990)
(j) Fenastras and Comadres (1989)
(k) Oquelí and Flores (1990)

3. Enforced disappearances

(a) Ventura and Mejía (1980)
(b) Rivas Hernández (1986)
(c) Chan Chan and Massi (1989)

C. Massacres of peasants by armed forces

1. Illustrative Case: El Mozote (1981)
2. Sumpul River (1980).
3. El Calabozo (1982)
4. Pattern of Conduct

D. Death squad assassinations

1. Illustrative case: Archbishop Romero (1980)
2. The death squad pattern
3. Zamora (1980)
4. Tehuicho (1980)
5. Viera, Hammer and Pearlman (1981)

E. Violence against opponents by the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional

1. Illustrative case: summary execution of Mayors (1985-1988)

2. Extrajudicial Executions

(a) Zona Rosa (1985)
(b) Anaya Sanabria (1987)
(c) Romero García "Miguel Castellanos" (1989)
(d) Peccorini Lettona (1989)
(e) García Alvarado (1989)
(f) Guerrero (1989)
(g) United States Soldiers who survived the shooting down of a helicopter (1991)

3. Abductions: Duarte and Villeda (1985)

F. Murders of Judges (1988)

V. Recommendations

VI. Epilogue: the seekers after peace

VII. Instruments establishing the Commission's mandate

VIII. Persons working on the Commission on the Truth

From Madness to Hope: the 12-year war in El Salvador:
Report of the Commission on the Truth for El Salvador

The Commission on the Truth for El Salvador

Belisario Betancur
Chairman

Reinaldo Figueredo Planchart
Thomas Buergenthal

Contents

I. Introduction

II. The Mandate

A. The mandate
B. Applicable law
C. Methodology

III. Chronology of the Violence

IV. Cases and Patterns of Violence

A. General overview of cases and patterns of violence

B. Violence against opponents by agents of the State

1. Illustrative case: the murders of the Jesuit Priests (1989)

2. Extrajudicial Executions

(a) San Francisco Guajoyo (1980)
(b) The leaders of the Frente Democratico Revolucionario (1980)
(c) The American churchwomen (1980)
(d) El Junquillo (1981)
(e) The Dutch journalists (1982)
(f) Las Hojas (1983)
(g) San Sebastían (1988)
(h) Attack on an FMLN Hospital and execution of a nurse (1989)
(i) Garcia Arandigoyen (1990)
(j) Fenastras and Comadres (1989)
(k) Oquelí and Flores (1990)

3. Enforced disappearances

(a) Ventura and Mejía (1980)
(b) Rivas Hernández (1986)
(c) Chan Chan and Massi (1989)

C. Massacres of peasants by the armed forces

1. Illustrative Case: El Mozote (1981)
2. Sumpul River (1980).
3. El Calabozo (1982)
4. Pattern of Conduct

D. Death squad assassinations

1. Illustrative case: Archbishop Romero (1980)
2. The death squad pattern
3. Zamora (1980)
4. Tehuicho (1980)
5. Viera, Hammer and Pearlman (1981)

E. Violence against opponents by the Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional

1. Illustrative case: summary execution of Mayors (1985-1988)

2. Extrajudicial Executions

(a) Zona Rosa (1985)
(b) Anaya Sanabria (1987)
(c) Romero García "Miguel Castellanos" (1989)
(d) Peccorini Lettona (1989)
(e) García Alvarado (1989)
(f) Guerrero (1989)
(g) United States Soldiers who survived the shooting down of a helicopter (1991)

3. Abductions: Duarte and Villeda (1985)

F. Murders of Judges (1988)

V. Recommendations

VI. Epilogue: the seekers after peace

VII. Instruments establishing the Commission's mandate

VIII. Persons working on the Commission on the Truth

Annexes*

Volume I

1. El Mozote: Reports of the forensic investigation

2. El Mozote: photographic report

3. Press analysis

4. Texts of the peace agreements

Volume II

5. Statistical analysis of the testimony received by the Commission
on the Truth

6. Lists of victims submitted to the Commission on the Truth

a. Direct source: victims whose identity is not confidential
b. Direct source: victims whose identity is confidential
c. Indirect source

7. Lists of disappeared persons compiled by the United Nations Working Group

8. List of members of the armed forces killed in the armed conflict

9. List of members of FMLN killed in the armed conflict

* The annexes are available for consultation in the language of submission (Spanish) in the Dag Hammarsjköld Library.

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Posted by USIP Library on: January 26, 2001
Source: UN Security Council, Annex, From Madness to Hope: the 12-year war in El Salvador: Report of the Commission on the Truth for El Salvador, S/25500, 1993, 5-8.

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